Lineability, spaceability, and additivity cardinals for Darboux-like functions

We introduce the concept of maximal lineability cardinal number, mL(M), of a subset M of a topological vector space and study its relation to the cardinal numbers known as: additivity A(M), homogeneous lineability HL(M), and lineability L(M) of M. In particular, we will describe, in terms of L, the lineability and spaceability of the families of the following Darboux-like functions on R-n, n >= 1: extendable, Jones, and almost continuous function

Bounded and unbounded polynomials and multilinear forms: Characterizing continuity

In this paper we prove a characterization of continuity for polynomials on a normed space. Namely, we prove that a polynomial is continuous if and only if it maps compact sets into compact sets. We also provide a partial answer to the question as to whether a polynomial is continuous if and only if it transforms connected sets into connected sets. These results motivate the natural question as to how many non-continuous polynomials there are on an infinite dimensional normed space. A problem on the \emph{lineability} of the sets of non-continuous polynomials and multilinear mappings on infinite dimensional normed spaces is answered.Comment: 8 page

Nanotechnological approaches to address photosensitizers' limitations: towards improved clinical applicability of photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a combination of molecular oxygen, light and a photosensitizer (PS) to generate singlet oxygen or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can eradicate tumoral cells. All currently approved PSs for cancer treatment are molecular PSs. To date, no nanoparticlebased PSs are used clinically although it has widely been shown that nanotechnology may help to improve the properties of molecular PSs; for instance, molecular PSs suffer from some intrinsic limitations that undermine their therapeutic efficacy. In the present minireview, the most critical weaknesses exhibited by molecular PSs are described, and the potential use of nanoparticles (NPs) to address them and to reach the clinics is discussed

Volume III. DUNE far detector technical coordination

This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The DUNE collaboration also acknowledges the international, national, and regional funding agencies supporting the institutions who have contributed to completing this Technical Design Report.The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module.Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) DE-AC02-07CH1135

Spanish-English Bilingual Toddlers’ Vocabulary Skills: The role of Caregiver Language Input and Warmth

There is a well-documented link between bilingual language development and the relative amounts of exposure to each language. Less is known about the role of quality indicators of caregiver-child interactions in bilingual homes, including caregiver input diversity, warmth and sensitivity. This longitudinal study examines the relation between caregiver input (lexical diversity, amount), warmth and sensitivity and bilingual toddlers’ subsequent vocabulary outcomes. We video-recorded caregiver-child interactions in Spanish-English Latino homes when toddlers (n = 47) were 18 months of age (M = 18.32 months; SD = 1.02 months). At the 24-month follow-up, we measured children\u27s vocabulary as total vocabulary (English, Spanish combined) as well as within language (Spanish, English). Results revealed that Spanish lexical diversity exposure at 18 months from caregivers was positively associated with children\u27s Spanish and total vocabulary scores at 24 months, while English lexical diversity was positively associated with children\u27s English scores; lexical diversity and amount were highly correlated. Additionally, caregivers’ warmth was positively associated with children\u27s Spanish, English and total vocabulary scores. Together, these factors accounted for substantial variance (30–40%) in vocabulary outcomes. Notably, caregiver input accounted for more variance in single language outcomes than did caregiver warmth, whereas caregiver warmth uniquely accounted for more variance in total vocabulary scores. Our findings extend prior research findings by suggesting that children\u27s dual language development may depend on their exposure to a diverse set of words, not only amount of language exposure, as well as warm interactions with caregivers. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/q1V_7fz5wogHighlightsVideo-recorded observations of caregiver-child interactions revealed warmth and high sensitivity from Latino caregivers.Linguistically-detailed analyses of caregiver input revealed wide variation in the diversity of Spanish and English directed at 18-month-old bilingual toddlers.Bilingual toddlers’ vocabulary (single language, total) was positively associated with caregivers’ diverse input and warmth, thus extending prior findings on bilinguals’ amount of language exposure.Findings suggest that caregivers’ lexical diversity explains more variance in bilingual toddlers’ single language outcomes, whereas warmth explains more variance in total vocabulary scores

An undecidable case of lineability in R^R

Recently it has been proved that, assuming that there is an almost disjoint family of cardinality (2^{\mathfrak c}) in (\mathfrak c) (which is assured, for instance, by either Martin's Axiom, or CH, or even 2^{<\mathfrak c=\mathfrak c}) one has that the set of Sierpi\'nski-Zygmund functions is (2^{\mathfrak{c}})-strongly algebrable (and, thus, (2^{\mathfrak{c}})-lineable). Here we prove that these two statements are actually equivalent and, moreover, they both are undecidable. This would be the first time in which one encounters an undecidable proposition in the recently coined theory of lineability.Comment: 5 page

Diffuse Ionized Gas in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy DDO 53

The spectral characteristics throughout the dwarf irregular galaxy DDO 53 are studied. The results are very similar to those for other irregular galaxies: high excitation and low values of the [SII]/Halpha ratio. The most likely ionization source is photon leakage from the classical HII regions, without any other source, although the interstellar medium of the galaxy is quite perturbed. Moreover, the physical conditions throughout the galaxy do not change very much because both the photon leakage percentage and the ionization temperature are very similar. In addition, the determined metal content for two HII regions indicates that DDO 53 is a low-metallicity galaxy.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables. AJ, in pres

Object Kinetic Monte Carlo calculations of irradiated Fe-Cr dilute alloys: The effect of the interaction radius between substitutional Cr and self-interstitial Fe

ObjectKineticMonteCarlo models allow for the study of the evolution of the damage created by irradiation to time scales that are comparable to those achieved experimentally. Therefore, the essential ObjectKineticMonteCarlo parameters can be validated through comparison with experiments. However, this validation is not trivial since a large number of parameters is necessary, including migration energies of point defects and their clusters, binding energies of point defects in clusters, as well as the interactionradii. This is particularly cumbersome when describing an alloy, such as the Fe–Cr system, which is of interest for fusion energy applications. In this work we describe an ObjectKineticMonteCarlo model for Fe–Cr alloys in the dilute limit. The parameters used in the model come either from density functional theory calculations or from empirical interatomic potentials. This model is used to reproduce isochronal resistivity recovery experiments of electron irradiateddiluteFe–Cr alloys performed by Abe and Kuramoto. The comparison between the calculated results and the experiments reveal that an important parameter is the capture radius between substitutionalCr and self-interstitialFe atoms. A parametric study is presented on the effect of the capture radius on the simulated recovery curves

Winter Diet of Montezuma Quail in Arizona and New Mexico

Investigating the diet composition of Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) is fundamental for unveiling how food resources limit the species’ population size and may provide relevant tools for their harvest and habitat management. The objective of this research was to determine the composition and geographic variation of the winter diet of the Montezuma quail in Arizona and New Mexico, USA, from quail crops harvested during the hunting seasons of 2008–2017. In addition, we used beta regression analyses to determine the effect of environmental factors and ecological variables (annual mean precipitation, annual mean temperature, landscape diversity, diet diversity, time of hunt, longitude, latitude, and elevation) on Montezuma quail diet composition. We found that acorns (Quercus spp.) and sedge rhizomes (Cyperus fendlerianus) are the most frequent food items of Montezuma quail in Arizona and New Mexico, respectively, followed by tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius), woodsorrel tubers (Oxalis spp.) and insects in both states. Individual crop wet mass is positively associated with time of day during winter. Geographic variation in Montezuma quail diet composition in Arizona and New Mexico was associated with mean annual precipitation for acorns and with geographic variation in mean annual temperature for rhizomes and tubers of sedge (Cyperus spp.). Geographic variation of other food items was not associated with those environmental factors. These functional relationships between the species’ diet and environmental factors suggest that Montezuma quail preference towards these two principal food items is subject to climatic control. Therefore, warmer and drier environments in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico may affect the species’ distribution through changes in food availability